|
1
|
|
|
2
|
- Diabetes is a chronic disease in which the pancreas produces little or
no insulin, a hormone that helps the body’s tissues absorb glucose
(sugar) so it can be used as a source of energy. The condition may also
develop if muscle, fat, and liver cells respond poorly to insulin.
- In people with diabetes, glucose levels build up in the blood and urine,
causing excessive urination, thirst, hunger, and problems with fat and
protein metabolism.
- Diabetes usually appears as one of two major types: Type 1 and Type 2
diabetes.
|
|
3
|
- Type 1 diabetes, formerly called insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
(IDDM) and juvenile-onset diabetes, is when the body does not produce
insulin or produces it only in very small quantities.
|
|
4
|
- Common symptoms of diabetes are increased thirst, frequent urination,
increased hunger, unusual weight loss, fatigue, and irritability. These symptoms
are caused by the body's response to high blood sugar levels.
- Other signs of diabetes may include:
- Frequent infections, and cuts and bruises that heal slowly.
- Blurred vision.
- Tingling or numbness in the hands or feet.
- Skin, gum, or bladder infections that recur.
- Vaginal yeast infections
|
|
5
|
- To survive, people with Type 1
- diabetes must have insulin delivered
- by injections or a pump.
- Many people with Type 2 diabetes can
- control their blood glucose by following
- careful diet and exercise programs,
- losing excess weight, and taking oral
- medication.
- Many people with diabetes also need to
- take medications to control their cholesterol and blood pressure
- Diabetes self-management education and regular checkups are an integral component of medical
care.
|
|
6
|
|
|
7
|
- Heart disease is the leading cause of diabetes-related deaths. Adults with diabetes have heart
disease death rates about two to four times higher than adults without
diabetes.
- About 65% of deaths among people with diabetes are due to heart disease
or stroke.
- About 73% of adults with diabetes have blood pressure greater than or
equal to 130/80 or use prescription medications for hypertension.
- Diabetes is the leading cause of blindness among adults
- 20-74 years of age.
|
|
8
|
- Diabetes is the leading cause of renal disease (about 43%).
- About 60-70% of people with diabetes have mild to severe forms of
nervous system damage.
- More than 60% of non-traumatic lower limb amputations in the United
States occur among people with diabetes.
- Poorly controlled diabetes before conception and during the first
trimester of pregnancy can cause major birth defects in 5-10% of
pregnancies and spontaneous abortions in 15-20% of pregnancies.
|
|
9
|
- About 206,000 people under 20 years of age have diabetes.
- About 8.7% of all people, age 20 years or older, have diabetes.
- About 18.3% of all people, age 60 years or older, have diabetes.
- About 17 million people, in the United States, suffer from diabetes.
- Every year about 1 million people learn that they have diabetes.
- In the United States, Type 1 diabetes accounts for 5-10% of all diabetes
cases (about 4 million people).
|
|
10
|
|
|
11
|
- Diabetes is the sixth leading cause of death in the United States.
- Diabetes kills over 400,000 United States residents each year.
- Death rates are two times higher in African American populations than
they are in white populations
- Overall, the risk for death among people with diabetes is about two
times that of people without diabetes.
|
|
12
|
- Approximately 2.8 million African
- Americans have diabetes; 13%
- of all African Americans
- On average, African Americans
- are twice as likely to have diabetes
- as white Americans of similar age.
- Diabetes-associated renal failure is 2.5 times higher in African
American populations than it is in Hispanic populations.
- 1 in every 4 African American women, over 55 years of age, has diabetes.
- African Americans with diabetes are more likely to develop diabetes
complications and experience greater disability from the complications
than white Americans with diabetes.
|
|
13
|
|
|
14
|
|
|
15
|
|
Notes