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M
magnetic field therapy - using an alternating magnetic field
to generate an electric current inside the tissues, resulting in changes
to blood flow.
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) - a non-invasive procedure
that produces two-dimensional view of an internal organ or structure,
especially the brain and spinal cord.
malabsorption syndromes - conditions that happen when
the small intestine cannot absorb nutrients from foods.
malignant tumor - a mass of cancer cells that may invade
surrounding tissues or spread to distant areas of the body.
mallet finger - common condition due to the rupture of
the long extensor tendon of the finger.
malocclusion - an orthodontic problem that means "bad
bite," including crowded, missing, or crooked teeth, extra teeth,
or a misaligned jaw.
mammogram - a low-dose x-ray of the breast.
manometry - tests that measure muscle pressure and movements
in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
massage - mechanical form of therapy in which the soft
tissues are made more pliable with different techniques, promoting increased
blood flow and subsequent healing.
mast cells - cells, which synthesize and store histamines,
found in most body tissues, particularly just below the epithelial surfaces,
serous cavities and around blood vessels.
mastitis - infection of the milk ducts in the breast.
mastoid - back portion of the temporal bone behind the
ear.
mastoid surgery - surgical procedure to remove an infection
from the mastoid bone.
McMurray test - test for assessing the knee for the presence
of a medial meniscal lesion.
meal plan - a guide to help people get the proper amount
of calories, carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and fiber
in their diet. (See also food exchanges.)
mean blood pressure - average blood pressure, taking
account of the rise and fall that occurs with each heartbeat. It is often
estimated by multiplying the diastolic pressure by two, adding the systolic
pressure, and then dividing this sum by three.
median nerve - large nerve, comprising segments from
the cervical spine, that is involved in neural function of the upper limb;
commonly entrapped in the carpal tunnel of the wrist, to create carpal
tunnel syndrome.
megacolon - huge, swollen colon; results from severe
constipation. (See also Hirschsprung’s disease.)
Meige syndrome - a movement disorder that can involve
excessive eye blinking (blepharospasm) with involuntary movements of the
jaw muscles, lips, and tongue.
melanocytes - cells in the skin that produce and contain
the pigment called melanin.
melena - blood in the stool.
Ménétrier's disease (Also called giant
hypertrophic gastritis.) - long-term disorder that causes large, coiled
folds in the stomach.
meniscus - a part of the cartilage in the knees and other
joints.
menopause - The period marked by the natural and permanent
cessation of menstruation, occurring usually between the ages of 45 and
55.
micrographia - a change in handwriting with the script
becoming smaller and more cramped.
middle ear - part of the ear that includes the eardrum
and three tiny bones of the middle ear, ending at the round window that
leads to the inner ear.
minimally invasive surgery - any technique involved in
surgery that does not require a large incision. (See also endoscopy, abdominoscopy,
or laparoscopy.)
miosis - constriction of the pupil.
misarticulation - inaccurately produced speech sound
(phoneme) or sounds.
miscarriage - spontaneous termination of a pregnancy
before the fetus has developed enough to survive outside the uterus.
mitral valve - the valve that controls blood flow between
the left atrium and left ventricle in the heart.
modified radical mastectomy - the removal of the breast,
some lymph nodes in the armpit, and sometimes part of the chest wall muscles.
monoamine oxidase (MAO) - an enzyme that makes nervous
system hormones inactive.
monoclonal antibodies - substances that can locate and
bind to cancer cells wherever they are in the body.
monounsaturated fats - dietary fats, such as olive oil
or canola oil, that do not seem to have any affect on blood cholesterol.
Morton's neuroma - painful condition of one of the digital
branches of the plantar nerves in the foot.
motility - movement of food through the digestive tract.
motion sickness - dizziness, sweating, nausea, vomiting,
and generalized discomfort experienced when an individual is in motion.
motor speech disorders - group of disorders caused by
the inability to accurately produce speech sounds (phonemes).
moxibustion - the burning of herbal leaves on or near
the body.
mucosal lining - lining of gastrointestinal (GI) tract
organs that makes mucus.
mucosal protective drugs - medicines that protect the
stomach lining from acid.
mucous colitis - see irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
mucus - clear liquid made by the intestines that coats
and protects tissues in the gastrointestinal tract.
multifidus - deep lumbar spine muscle that stabilizes
the lumbar spine.
murmur - a blowing or rasping sound heard while listening
to the heart; may or may not indicate problems within the heart or circulatory
system.
musculoskeletal system - the complex system that includes
the bones, joints, ligaments, tendons, muscles, and nerves.
mycoplasma - very common sexually transmitted disease
or urinary tract infection caused by a bacteria-like organism in the urethra
and reproductive system.
mydriasis - dilation of the pupil.
myelogram - a specific x-ray study that uses an injection
of a dye or contrast material into the spinal canal to allow careful evaluation
of the spinal canal and nerve roots.
myocardial infarction (Also called heart attack.) - occurs
when one of more regions of the heart muscle experience a severe or prolonged
decrease in oxygen supply caused by a blocked blood flow to the heart
muscle.
myocardial ischemia - insufficient blood flow to part
of the heart.
myocardium - the muscle wall of the heart.
myoclonus - jerking, involuntary movements of the arms
and legs; may occur normally during sleep.
myofascial pain - the most common form of temporomandibular
disorder; discomfort or pain in the muscles that control jaw function
and the neck and shoulder muscles.
myofascial trigger point - areas of focal muscle tenderness
and spasm.
myomectomy - surgical procedure done to remove fibroids
from the uterus while leaving the uterus intact.
myopia - nearsightedness.
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